Search Repository Universitas Fort De Kock

Inflamasi merupakan respon biologis tubuh terhadap cedera atau infeksi, namun
penggunaan obat antiinflamasi sintetik sering menimbulkan efek samping. Daun
gambir (Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb.) diketahui kaya polifenol, terutama
katekin, yang berpotensi sebagai agen antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menganalisis secara kualitatif senyawa metabolit sekunder ekstrak dan fraksi daun
gambir serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode enzim tripsin.
Daun gambir diekstraksi menggunakan maserasi etanol dan infusa air, kemudian
difraksinasi cair-cair dengan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Analisis dilakukan
melalui skrining fitokimia, LC-HRMS, dan uji aktivitas enzim tripsin menggunakan
substrat kasein pada 275 nm. Hasil menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak etanol 12,20 g,
ekstrak air 6,121 g, fraksi n-heksan 0,49 g, fraksi etil asetat 6,60 g, dan fraksi air
3,509 g dari 100 g simplisia. Skrining fitokimia didapatkan adanya alkaloid,
flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan triterpenoid/steroid, dengan dominasi flavonoid pada
fraksi etil asetat. Analisis LC-HRMS mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif utama, di
antaranya catechin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside, trifolin, procyanidin B2,
doxorubicinone, 18--glycyrrhetinic acid, dihydroartemisinin, dan echinenone. Uji
aktivitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan seluruh sampel memiliki efek inhibisi
terhadap enzim tripsin secara konsentrasi-bergantung, dengan fraksi etil asetat
sebagai fraksi paling aktif (IC50 terendah). Dengan demikian, fraksi etil asetat daun
gambir yang kaya flavonoid berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antiinflamasi
alami melalui mekanisme penghambatan enzim proteolitik dan stabilisasi
membran.

Inflammation is the body's biological response to injury or infection, but the use of
synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs often causes side effects. Gambir leaves (Uncaria
gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb.) are known to be rich in polyphenols, especially
catechins, which have potential as anti-inflammatory agents. This study aims to
qualitatively analyze the secondary metabolites of gambier leaf extracts and
fractions and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity using the trypsin enzyme
method. Gambir leaves were extracted using ethanol maceration and water infusion,
then subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water.
The analysis was carried out through phytochemical screening, LC-HRMS, and
trypsin enzyme activity test using casein substrate at 280 nm. The results showed a
yield of 12.20 g of ethanol extract, 6.121 g of water extract, 0.49 g of n-hexane
fraction, 6.60 g of ethyl acetate fraction, and 3.509 g of water fraction from 100 g
of the crude drug. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids,
flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids, with flavonoids
dominating in the ethyl acetate fraction. LC-HRMS analysis identified the main
active compounds, including catechin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside, trifolin,
procyanidin B2, doxorubicinone, 18--glycyrrhetinic acid, dihydroartemisinin, and
echinenone. Anti-inflammatory activity tests showed that all samples had a
concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on trypsin, with the ethyl acetate fraction
being the most active (lowest IC50). Thus, the flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction
of gambier leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural anti-inflammatory
agent through proteolytic enzyme inhibition and membrane stabilization.