Search Repository Universitas Fort De Kock

Salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang paling mematikan yaitu kanker payudara.
Terapi konvensional seperti kemoterapi sering menimbulkan efek samping yang
serius, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan yang lebih aman dan efektif.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antikanker ekstrak polar daun
inggu (Ruta graveolens L.) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 secara in vitro
dengan pelarut metanol, aseton, dan aquades. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode
maserasi. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak aquades (36%), diikuti
metanol (22,5%), dan aseton (11%). Uji skrining fitokimia menunjukkan semua
ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, kumarin, terpenoid, dan steroid. Uji
toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan
uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode Mtt Assay. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak
metanol memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 8,035 g/mL dan tergolong sangat toksik,
sedangkan ekstrak aseton dan aquades menunjukkan toksisitas sedang dengan nilai
LC50 masing-masing sebesar 44,36 g/mL dan 72,175 g/mL. Uji MTT
menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 42,26 g/mL
(toksik sedang), ekstrak aseton sebesar 108,60 g/mL (toksik sedang), dan ekstrak
aquades sebesar 544,31 g/mL (tidak toksik). Dengan demikian, ekstrak metanol
daun inggu menunjukkan potensi tertinggi sebagai agen antikanker terhadap sel
MCF-7 dibandingkan pelarut lainnya.

Breast cancer is one of the deadliest degenerative diseases worldwide. Conventional
therapies such as chemotherapy often cause serious side effects, highlighting the need for
safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro
anticancer activity of polar solvent extracts from rue leaves (Ruta graveolens L.) against
MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using methanol, acetone, and water (aqua destillata) as
extraction solvents. Extraction was performed using the maceration method. The highest
extract yield was obtained with water (36%), followed by methanol (22.5%) and acetone
(11%). Phytochemical screening revealed that all extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, and steroids. Toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp
Lethality Test (BSLT), and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Results showed
that the methanol extract had the lowest LC50 value (8.035 g/mL), categorized as highly
toxic, while acetone and water extracts showed moderate toxicity with LC50 values of 44.36
g/mL and 72.175 g/mL, respectively. In the MTT assay, the methanol extract also
demonstrated the lowest IC50 value (42.26 g/mL), indicating moderate cytotoxicity,
followed by acetone (108.60 g/mL, moderate) and water (544.31 g/mL, non-toxic). These
findings suggest that the methanol extract of Ruta graveolens leaves exhibits the highest
potential as a natural anticancer agent against MCF-7 cells among the polar solvents
tested.