Analisis Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Fraksi Daun Gambir (Uncaria gambir(W.Hunter)Roxb) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Metode HRBC
- Penulis
- Muthia Arifah
- Pembimbing
- Harry Ade Saputra
- Jenis repository
- Skripsi
- Tahun
- 2025
- Fakultas
- Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
- Program studi
- S1 Farmasi
- Metode penelitian
- —
- Jenis metode
- —
- Variabel
- —
- Sumber dana
- —
- Lokasi/wilayah penelitian
- — (Kota Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat)
- Dipublikasikan
- 05 Februari 2026
Abstrak
Daun gambir (Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb) diketahui mengandung katekin sebagai senyawa utama yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antibakteri, antitumor, dan antivirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak dan fraksi daun gambir melalui skrining fitokimia dan LC-HRMS serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antiinflamasi menggunakan metode stabilisasi membran HRBC (Human Red Blood Cell). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol dan air, sedangkan fraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat, n-heksana, dan air. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan fenol; ekstrak air mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, fenol, dan terpenoid; fraksi n-heksana mengandung flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan fenol; fraksi etil asetat mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, dan fenol; serta fraksi air mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan fenol. Uji antiinflamasi menunjukkan nilai IC50 berturut- turut: natrium diklofenak 470,54 ppm, ekstrak etanol 428,88 ppm, ekstrak air 418,54 ppm, fraksi n-heksana 473,71 ppm, fraksi etil asetat 400,81 ppm, dan fraksi air 464,39 ppm. Fraksi etil asetat memiliki potensi terbaik dengan nilai IC50 terendah dibandingkan ekstrak maupun fraksi lainnya. Dengan demikian, daun gambir berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antiinflamasi alami. Abstract (EN): Gambir Leaves (Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb) are known to contain catechins as the main compound, which have potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral activities. This study aims to identify secondary metabolites in the extracts and fractions of gambir leaves through phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS analysis, as well as to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity using the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. Extraction was carried out by maceration using ethanol and water solvents, while fractionation was performed using ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water. Phytochemical screening results showed that the ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and phenols; the water extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and terpenoids; the n-hexane fraction contained flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and phenols; the ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and phenols; and the water fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and phenols. The anti-inflammatory assay showed IC₅₀ values as follows: diclofenac sodium 470.54 ppm, ethanol extract 428.88 ppm, water extract 418.54 ppm, n-hexane fraction 473.71 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction 400.81 ppm, and water fraction 464.39 ppm. Among all samples, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the best potential with the lowest IC₅₀ value. Therefore, gambir leaves have the potential to be developed as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.