Analisis Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Fraksi Daun Gambir (Uncaria Gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb.) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Metode Enzim Tripsin
- Penulis
- Thoriq Hafif
- Pembimbing
- Harry Ade Saputra
- Jenis repository
- Skripsi
- Tahun
- 2025
- Fakultas
- Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
- Program studi
- S1 Farmasi
- Metode penelitian
- —
- Jenis metode
- —
- Variabel
- —
- Sumber dana
- —
- Lokasi/wilayah penelitian
- — (Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat)
- Dipublikasikan
- 05 Februari 2026
Abstrak
Inflamasi merupakan respon biologis tubuh terhadap cedera atau infeksi, namun penggunaan obat antiinflamasi sintetik sering menimbulkan efek samping. Daun gambir (Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb.) diketahui kaya polifenol, terutama katekin, yang berpotensi sebagai agen antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kualitatif senyawa metabolit sekunder ekstrak dan fraksi daun gambir serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode enzim tripsin. Daun gambir diekstraksi menggunakan maserasi etanol dan infusa air, kemudian difraksinasi cair-cair dengan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Analisis dilakukan melalui skrining fitokimia, LC-HRMS, dan uji aktivitas enzim tripsin menggunakan substrat kasein pada 275 nm. Hasil menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak etanol 12,20 g, ekstrak air 6,121 g, fraksi n-heksan 0,49 g, fraksi etil asetat 6,60 g, dan fraksi air 3,509 g dari 100 g simplisia. Skrining fitokimia didapatkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan triterpenoid/steroid, dengan dominasi flavonoid pada fraksi etil asetat. Analisis LC-HRMS mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif utama, di antaranya catechin, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, trifolin, procyanidin B2, doxorubicinone, 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, dihydroartemisinin, dan echinenone. Uji aktivitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan seluruh sampel memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap enzim tripsin secara konsentrasi-bergantung, dengan fraksi etil asetat sebagai fraksi paling aktif (IC50 terendah). Dengan demikian, fraksi etil asetat daun gambir yang kaya flavonoid berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antiinflamasi alami melalui mekanisme penghambatan enzim proteolitik dan stabilisasi membran. Abstract (EN): Inflammation is the body's biological response to injury or infection, but the use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs often causes side effects. Gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb.) are known to be rich in polyphenols, especially catechins, which have potential as anti-inflammatory agents. This study aims to qualitatively analyze the secondary metabolites of gambier leaf extracts and fractions and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity using the trypsin enzyme method. Gambir leaves were extracted using ethanol maceration and water infusion, then subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The analysis was carried out through phytochemical screening, LC-HRMS, and trypsin enzyme activity test using casein substrate at 280 nm. The results showed a yield of 12.20 g of ethanol extract, 6.121 g of water extract, 0.49 g of n-hexane fraction, 6.60 g of ethyl acetate fraction, and 3.509 g of water fraction from 100 g of the crude drug. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids, with flavonoids dominating in the ethyl acetate fraction. LC-HRMS analysis identified the main active compounds, including catechin, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, trifolin, procyanidin B2, doxorubicinone, 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, dihydroartemisinin, and echinenone. Anti-inflammatory activity tests showed that all samples had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on trypsin, with the ethyl acetate fraction being the most active (lowest IC50). Thus, the flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction of gambier leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural anti-inflammatory agent through proteolytic enzyme inhibition and membrane stabilization.